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| Map of Venezuela
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In 1522 the first permanent Spanish settlement, Nueva Toledo, was established along the Orinoco river in what is now known as Venezuela. Gold mines drew in Spanish settlers.
Most of what now constitutes Venezuela was largely overlooked until the 18th century when cocoa plantations began to crop up along the Caribbean coast. Venezuela is still well know today for its fine chocolate.
In 1821, under the leadership of Simon Bolivar, a large area of northern South America, including Venezuela, won its independence from Spain. The newly independent area was called the Republic of Gran Columbia. In 1830, Venezuela seperated from the Republic.
Much of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th centurty were characterized by periods of political instability, dictatorships, and revolutions. After World War II, the economy shifted largely to petroleum production. Currently, Venezuela is the biggest importer of oil to the United States.
Between 1958 and 1989 there was a period of democracy characterized by relative political stability and prosperity. In 1989, dissatisfaction with the political system led to protests and violent riots. A period of instability and economic recession insued. In 1992, a coup, led by military leader Hugo Chavez, attempted to overthrow the government. The coup failed, but Hugo Chavez was later pardoned by the President of Venezuela. In 1998, Mr. Chavez was elected president of Venezuela on a populist agenda.
Since taking office, Chavez has been implementing what he calls the Bolivarian Revolution....making alliances with Cuba and left-leaning South American governments and moving Venezuela toward Socialism.
Links to More History
History of Venezuela
Venezuelan Vacations
Travel Hot Spots
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